LaTeX 常用符号整理¶
笔者非数学系，整理 LaTeX 符号仅仅为 Markdown 公式编辑需要，存在不妥之处 (真的存在)。
参考文献已列于文末，其中包含完整的 Latex符号公式表。
本文随笔者使用不断更新, 希望能帮助到大家。
希腊字母¶
Name
Display
Capital Case
Display
Var Case
Display
\alpha
\(\alpha\)
A
\(A\)
\beta
\(\beta\)
B
\(B\)
\gamma
\(\gamma\)
\Gamma
\(\Gamma\)
\theta
\(\theta\)
\Theta
\(\Theta\)
\vartheta
\(\vartheta\)
\mu
\(\mu\)
M
\(M\)
\delta
\(\delta\)
\Delta
\(\Delta\)
\epsilon
\(\epsilon\)
E
\(E\)
\varepsilon
\(\varepsilon\)
\sigma
\(\sigma\)
\Sigma
\(\Sigma\)
\varsigma
\(\varsigma\)
\pi
\(\pi\)
\Pi
\(\Pi\)
\varpi
\(\varpi\)
\omega
\(\omega\)
\Omega
\(\Omega\)
\xi
\(\xi\)
\Xi
\(\Xi\)
\zeta
\(\zeta\)
Z
\(Z\)
\chi
\(\chi\)
X
\(X\)
\rho
\(\rho\)
P
\(P\)
\varrho
\(\varrho\)
\phi
\(\phi\)
\Phi
\(\Phi\)
\varphi
\(\varphi\)
\eta
\(\eta\)
H
\(H\)
\lambda
\(\lambda\)
\Lambda
\(\Lambda\)
\kappa
\(\kappa\)
K
\(K\)
\nu
\(\nu\)
N
\(N\)
\upsilon
\(\upsilon\)
\Upsilon
\(\Upsilon\)
\psi
\(\psi\)
\Psi
\(\Psi\)
\tau
\(\tau\)
T
\(T\)
\iota
\(\iota\)
I
\(I\)
\omicron
\(\omicron\)
O
\(O\)
有代码的大写希腊字母，直接敲获得正体，使用\var前缀转化为斜体
如：\Gamma \(\Gamma\)（正） \varGamma \(\varGamma\)（斜）
没有代码的大写希腊字母，直接敲得斜体，使用\text命令转化为正体
如：T \(T\)直接敲（斜） \text T \(\text T\)（正）
（也可以使用\rm将下一个单词变正，\text T的作用范围只是下一个字母；可以尝试加{}）
运算¶
简单运算¶
Type
Typeset
+
\(+\)
-
\(-\)
\pm
\(\pm\)
\mp
\(\mp\)
\times
\(\times\)
\cdot
\(\cdot\)
\div
\(\div\)
\bmod
\(\bmod\)
\cap
\(\cap\)
\cup
\(\cup\)
\wedge \land
\(\land\)
\vee \lor
\(\lor\)
\ast
\(\ast\)
\det
\(\det\)
复杂运算¶
Type
Typeset
\sqrt{abc}
\(\sqrt{abc}\)
\sqrt[n]{abc}
\(\sqrt[n]{abc}\)
\frac{abc}{xyz}
\(\frac{abc}{xyz}\)
\int_{a}^{b}
\(\int_{a}^{b}\)
\iiint_{a}^{b}
\(\iiint_{a}^{b}\)
\oint_{a}^{b}
\(\oint_{a}^{b}\)
\frac{\mathrm{d} y}{\mathrm{d} x}
\(\frac{\mathrm{d} y}{\mathrm{d} x}\)
\frac{\mathrm{d}^{n} y}{\mathrm{d} x^{n}}
\(\frac{\mathrm{d}^{n} y}{\mathrm{d} x^{n}}\)
\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}
\(\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}\)
\frac{\partial ^{n} f}{\partial x^{n}}
\(\frac{\partial ^{n} f}{\partial x^{n}}\)
\sum_{i=1}^{n}
\(\sum_{i=1}^{n}\)
\prod_{i=1}^{n}
\(\prod_{i=1}^{n}\)
\bigcap_{i=1}^{n}
\(\bigcap_{i=1}^{n}\)
\bigcup_{i=1}^{n}
\(\bigcup_{i=1}^{n}\)
(想要让角标出现在正上和正下方，使用块级公式而不是行内公式)
函数¶
Type
Typeset
\arccos
\(\arccos\)
\arcsin
\(\arcsin\)
\arctan
\(\arctan\)
\cos
\(\cos\)
\cosh
\(\cosh\)
\cot
\(\cot\)
\lg
\(\lg\)
\ln
\(\ln\)
\log
\(\log\)
\sin
\(\sin\)
\sinh
\(\sinh\)
\tan
\(\tan\)
\tanh
\(\tanh\)
极限运算符¶
Type
Typeset
\lim
\(\lim\)
\inf
\(\inf\)
\sup
\(\sup\)
\min
\(\min\)
\max
\(\max\)
符号¶
一些键盘上可直接敲出的符号，前面加\即可。
如：\% \(\to \%\) \_ \(\to \_\)
点缀¶
Type
Typeset
a^2
\(a^2\)
a_1
\(a_1\)
\bar{a}
\(\bar{a}\)
\dot{a}
\(\dot{a}\)
\ddot{a}
\(\ddot{a}\)
\vec{a}
\(\vec{a}\)
\hat{a}
\(\hat{a}\)
\tilde{a}
\(\tilde{a}\)
\mathring{a}
\(\mathring{a}\)
f^{''}
\(f^{''}\)
90^\circ
\(90^\circ\)
\overset{\frown}\psi
\(\overset{\frown}\psi\)
\overset{?}{=}
\(\overset{?}{=}\)
\overset{ping}{拼}\overset{yin}{音}
\(\overset{ping}{拼}\overset{yin}{音}\)
\overset{はい}{入}る
\(\overset{はい}{入}る\)
\underset{t\in R}{max}
\(\underset{t\in R}{max}\)
二元关系¶
Type
Typeset
<
\(<\)
>
\(>\)
\le
\(\le\)
\ge
\(\ge\)
\leqslant
\(\leqslant\)
\geqslant
\(\geqslant\)
=
\(=\)
\ne
\(\ne\)
:
\(:\)
\in
\(\in\)
\notin
\(\notin\)
\ni \owns
\(\ni\)
\ll
\(\ll\)
\gg
\(\gg\)
\sim
\(\sim\)
\approx
\(\approx\)
\cong
\(\cong\)
\equiv
\(\equiv\)
\subset
\(\subset\)
\supset
\(\supset\)
\subseteq
\(\subseteq\)
\subsetneqq
\(\subsetneqq\)
\perp
\(\perp\)
\parallel
\(\parallel\)
\mid
\(\mid\)
\propto
\(\propto\)
Miscellaneous Symbols¶
Type
Typeset
\therefore
\(\therefore\)
\because
\(\because\)
\ell
\(\ell\)
\partial
\(\partial\)
\infty
\(\infty\)
\varnothing \emptyset
\(\emptyset\)
\forall
\(\forall\)
\exists
\(\exists\)
\triangle
\(\triangle\)
\angle
\(\angle\)
\surd
\(\surd\)
\nabla
\(\nabla\)
\neg \lnot
\(\neg\)
\ldots
\(\ldots\)
\cdots
\(\cdots\)
\vdots
\(\vdots\)
\ddots
\(\ddots\)
\S
\(\S\)
娱乐¶
Type
Typeset
\spadesuit
\(\spadesuit\)
\heartsuit
\(\heartsuit\)
\diamondsuit
\(\diamondsuit\)
\clubsuit
\(\clubsuit\)
箭头¶
Type
Typeset
\to \rightarrow
\(\to\)
\leftarrow
\(\leftarrow\)
\Rightarrow
\(\Rightarrow\)
\Leftarrow
\(\Leftarrow\)
\Longrightarrow
\(\Longrightarrow\)
\Longleftarrow
\(\Longleftarrow\)
\Leftrightarrow
\(\Leftrightarrow\)
\iff \Longleftrightarrow
\(\iff\)
包裹结构¶
Type
Typeset
\overrightarrow{AB}
\(\overrightarrow{AB}\)
\overline{AB}
\(\overline{AB}\)
\underline{abc}
\(\underline{abc}\)
\tilde{abc}
\(\tilde{abc}\)
\widetilde{abc}
\(\widetilde{abc}\)
\overbrace{abc}
\(\overbrace{abc}\)
\underbrace{abc}
\(\underbrace{abc}\)
括号¶
普通括号¶
Type
Typeset
( )
\((\quad)\)
[ ]
\([\quad]\)
\lbrace \rbrace
\(\lbrace\quad\rbrace\)
\langle \rangle
\(\langle\quad\rangle\)
使用\left \(和\right \}打出大的包裹括号. 用.代替括号可以空出来一半的括号
绝对值/取模¶
\left | a \right | \(\left | a \right |\)
\left \| \vec{a} \right \| \(\left \| \vec{a} \right \|\)
向量¶
Type
Typeset
\begin{matrix} a&b \\ c&d \end{matrix}
\(\begin{matrix}a&b\\c&d\end{matrix}\)
\begin{pmatrix} a&b \\ c&d \end{pmatrix}
\(\begin{pmatrix}a&b\\c&d\end{pmatrix}\)
\begin{bmatrix} a&b \\ c&d \end{bmatrix}
\(\begin{bmatrix}a&b\\c&d\end{bmatrix}\)
\begin{Bmatrix} a&b \\ c&d \end{Bmatrix}
\(\begin{Bmatrix}a&b\\c&d\end{Bmatrix}\)
\begin{vmatrix} a&b \\ c&d \end{vmatrix}
\(\begin{vmatrix}a&b\\c&d\end{vmatrix}\)
\begin{Vmatrix} a&b \\ c&d \end{Vmatrix}
\(\begin{Vmatrix}a&b\\c&d\end{Vmatrix}\)
两侧括号也可以用 \left \right+括号 来包裹
增广矩阵
Text Only1
2
3
4
5
6\left[
\begin{array}{cc|c}
1 & 2 & 3 \\
4 & 5 & 6
\end{array}
\right]
\[
\left[
\begin{array}{cc|c}
1 & 2 & 3 \\
4 & 5 & 6
\end{array}
\right]
\]
方程组¶
Text Only1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8\left\{
\begin{array}{c}
a_{11}x_1+a_{12}x_2+\cdots+a_{1n}x_n=b_1 \\
a_{21}x_1+a_{22}x_2+\cdots+a_{2n}x_n=b_2 \\
\vdots \\
a_{n1}x_1+a_{n2}x_2+\cdots+a_{nn}x_n=b_n
\end{array}
\right.
\[
\left\{
\begin{array}{c}
a_{11}x_1+a_{12}x_2+\cdots+a_{1n}x_n=b_1 \\
a_{21}x_1+a_{22}x_2+\cdots+a_{2n}x_n=b_2 \\
\vdots \\
a_{n1}x_1+a_{n2}x_2+\cdots+a_{nn}x_n=b_n
\end{array}
\right.
\]
文档布局¶
空格¶
Name
Type
Typeset
aa
\(aa\)
interword space
a\ a
\(a\ a\)
1 em
a\quad a
\(a\quad a\)
2 em
a\qquad a
\(a\qquad a\)
紧缩¶
Name
Type
Typeset
aa
\(aa\)
thinspace
a\!a
\(a\!a\)
medspcae
a\negmedspace a
\(a\negmedspace a\)
thickspace
a\negthickspace a
\(a\negthickspace a\)
字号¶
Type
Typeset
text
\(text\)
\tiny text
\(\tiny text\)
\small text
\(\small text\)
\normalsize text
\(\normalsize text\)
\large text
\(\large text\)
\huge text
\(\huge text\)
字体¶
Type
Typeset
\mathbf{A}
\(\mathbf{A}\)
\mathcal{A}
\(\mathcal{A}\)
\mathit{A}
\(\mathit{A}\)
\mathrm{A}
\(\mathrm{A}\)
\mathsf{A}
\(\mathsf{A}\)
\mathtt{A}
\(\mathtt{A}\)
\mathbb{A}
\(\mathbb{A}\)
\mathfrak{A}
\(\mathfrak{A}\)
\mathscr{A}
\(\mathscr{A}\)
参考资料¶
百度文库 | Latex符号对应表
百度文库 | LaTeX Symbols符号
CSDN | Markdown中Latex 数学公式基本语法
CSDN | 最全 Markdown + Latex 编写技巧
CSDN | LaTeX数学符号总结
简书 | LaTeX 导数相关符号